Presentation
Volume VIII of al-Tabari’s great 40-volume history of the Arabs covers the history of the Muslim community and the biography of Muh’ammad in the middle Medinan years. During this period, Meccan resistance to Islam collapsed, Muh’ammad returned triumphantly to his native city, and the Muslim community weathered controversy in Muhammad’s private life.
This volume covers the history of the Muslim community and the biography of Muhammad in the middle Medinan years. It begins with the unsuccessful last Meccan attack on Medina, known as the battle of the Trench.
Events following this battle show the gradual collapse of Meccan resistance to Islam. The next year, when Muhammad set out on pilgrimage to Mecca, the Meccans at first blocked the road, but eventually a ten-year truce was negotiated at al-Hudaybiyah, with Muhammad agreeing to postpone his pilgrimage until the following year. The Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah was followed by a series of Muslim expeditions, climaxing in the important conquest of Khaybar. In the following year Muhammad made the so-called Pilgrimage of Fulfillment unopposed.
Al-Tabari’s account emphasizes Islam’s expanding geographical horizon during this period. Soon after the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah, Muhammad is said to have sent letters to six foreign rulers inviting them to become Muslims. Another example of this expanding horizon was the unsuccessful expedition to Mu’tah in Jordan.
Shortly afterward the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah broke down, and Muhammad marched on Mecca. The Meccans capitulated, and Muhammad entered the city on his own terms. He treated the city leniently, and most of the Meccan oligarchy swore allegiance to him as Muslims.
Two events in the personal life of Muhammad during this period caused controversy in the community. Muhammad fell in love with and married Zaynab bt. Jahsh, the divorced wife of his adopted son Zayd. Because of Muhammad’s scruples, the marriage took place only after a Qur’anic revelation permitting believers to marry the divorced wives of their adopted sons. In the Affair of the Lie, accusations against Muhammad’s young wife ’A’ishah were exploited by various factions in the community and in Muh’ammad’s household. In the end, a Qur’anic revelation proclaimed ’A’ishah’s innocence and the culpability of the rumormongers.
This volume of al-Tabari’s History records the collapse of Meccan resistance to Islam, the triumphant return of Muhammad to his native city, the conversion to Islam of the Meccan oligarchy, and the community’s successful weathering of a number of potentially embarrassing events in Muhammad’s private life.
Table des matières
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Translator’s Foreword
- The Events of the Year 5 (626/627)
- Muhammad’s Marriage to Zaynab bt. Jahsh
- The Expedition to Dumat al-Jandal and Other Events
- The Battle of the Trench
- The Expedition against the Banu Qurayzah
- The Events of the Year 6 (627/628)
- The Expedition against the Banu Libyan
- The Expedition to Dhu Qarad
- The Expedition against the Banu al-Mustaliq
- An Account of the Lie
- The Prophet’s Lesser Pilgrimage from Which the Polytheists Turned Him Back: The Story of al-Hudaybiyah
- A Report That Khalid b. al-Walid Was Already a Muslim
- The Missions to Foreign Rulers
- The Events of the Year 7 (628/629)
- The Expedition to Khaybar
- The Expedition of the Messenger of God to Wadi al-Qura
- The Affair of al-Hajjaj b.
Ilat al-Sulami -* The Division of the Spoils of Khaybar -* Various Notices -* The Lesser Pilgrimage of Fulfillment -* The Events of the Year 8 (629/630) -* The Expedition against the Banu al-Mulawwih -* Other Notices -*Amr b. al-`As and Khalid b. al-Walid Go to Medina as Muslims - Other Events of the Year 8 of the Hijrah
- The Expedition of Dhat al-Salasil
- The Expedition Known as al-Khabat
- Expeditions Involving Ibn Abi Hadrad and Abu Qatadah
- The Expedition to Mu’tah
- The Conquest of Mecca
- The Destruction of Idolatrous Shrines
- The Expedition against the Banu Jadhimah
- Bibliography of Cited Works
- Index
- Index of Qur’anic Passages
(Source Suny Press)